Open questions

Open questions a credible research programme could take on, each with what it builds on and a possible design.

They are starting points, written so that a student, a lab or a practitioner-researcher could pick one up.

A controlled trial of Circling

Does a Circling programme reduce loneliness or build closeness more than an active control?

Social psychology · Clinical psychology · Open

Active ingredients

Which parts of the practice do the work: present-moment attention, disclosure, or hearing how you affect others?

Social psychology · Contemplative science · Open

Authenticity as a social script

How do relational communities develop shared scripts for being authentic, and what does that do to the practice?

Sociology · Linguistic anthropology · Open

Bodies in synchrony

Do participants’ physiology and movement synchronise during a circle, and does synchrony track felt connection?

Social neuroscience · Psychophysiology · Open

Safety, facilitation and harm

What makes a circle safe, and what goes wrong when it isn’t?

Clinical psychology · Facilitation research · Open

Transfer beyond the room

Does closeness built in a circle carry into people’s existing relationships?

Social psychology · Relationship science · Open

What being met is like

What do people actually experience in the moments they describe as being seen or met?

Phenomenology · Qualitative psychology · Open